Demographic trends, rapid urbanization, political uncertainty, and shifting climate patterns are collectively pushing the MENA region into uncharted territory for water resource management. The increasing competition for water resources in the face of significant population growth means that the possibilities for conflict over water are also elevated-among old adversaries and new water-using actors alike. But despite dire (and controversial) warnings about looming water wars in the MENA region and elsewhere, growing water scarcity also provides potentially productive pathways toward intrastate and interstate cooperation. With so many governments in flux across the MENA region, given the effects of the Arab Spring protests, cooperation on environmental security concerns—water access chief among them—could be an entryway to cooperation between countries in transformation.
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